Cartero: the free HTTP client to test your APIs

Cartero is a graphical HTTP client that can be used as a developer tool to test web APIs and perform all kind of HTTP requests to web servers. It is compatible with any REST, SOAP or XML-RPC API and it supports multiple request methods as well as attaching body payloads to compatible requests.

Features:

  • Loads and saves to plain Git-friendly TOML files, so that you can own your data.
  • Customization and modification of the request headers and body payloads.
  • Variable binding for API keys and other secret information.

Motivation:

This project exists because there aren't many native graphical HTTP testing applications / graphical alternatives to cURL that are fully free software, and I think the world has had enough of Electron / non-native applications that are anonymously accesible until one day you are forced to create an account and log in to use just to make some investor happy with their numbers or to chug some unwanted artificial intelligence at users.

For more information, check the homepage or the GitHub repository.

Installing Cartero

Using Flatpak

The easiest way to get Cartero on your system if you use GNU/Linux is to use the Flatpak. The Flatpak version of Cartero available on Flathub is official.

Make sure that Flatpak is installed on your system, or install Flatpak if you haven't yet. There are instructions on how to install Flatpak and configure the Flathub repository in flathub.org. Pick your distro and do the process.

If you are using GNOME or KDE as a desktop environment, you should be able to locate Cartero in GNOME Software or in KDE Discover. Otherwise, you can always install Cartero from the command line by issuing the following command:

flatpak install es.danirod.Cartero

Accept the changes and Cartero will be installed.

You will be able to start Cartero using the application launcher or application menu that your desktop environment is using. Normally this involves either searching for Cartero from the icon grid, or locating Cartero in the corresponding application menu. In any case, you should be able to start Cartero from the command line as well by running the following command:

flatpak run es.danirod.Cartero

Alternative methods

AppImage

There is support for AppImage. You should be able to grab an official AppImage bundle and execute it. There are links in the main website. Depending on your distro and desktop environment, you should be able to start the application from the command line or by double clicking it from your file manager.

Build from source

You can also download a tarball with the source code of Cartero. Locate the latest version available from the releases section of the GitHub repository, and get the .tar.xz file. This tarball contains the source code of Cartero, as well as every vendored Rust dependency.

Alternatively, you can clone the whole repository and pick which version you want to compile or use the latest tip from the Git repository, although this might cause unexpected issues if the tip is buggy.

git clone https://github.com/danirod/cartero ~/cartero

Follow the build instructions to compile and install Cartero on your system.

Use other package managers

Cartero may be available in other package managers. Many of these package managers are tracked in Repology.

Note that these packages may be provided by other maintainers not related to Cartero. Any issues, specifically regarding missing or outdated packages, should be reported to the package manager maintainer, not to the Cartero project.

The maintainers of Cartero will be happy to provide help in any way if there are issues or questions during the repackaging of Cartero for a specific platform.

Homebrew Tap (macOS)

To install Cartero from this cask, simply add this repository as a tap.

brew tap SoloAntonio/cartero

Now you can install any version hosted as cask with

brew install --cask cartero

NixOS Flake

Use this approach to install, build or try cartero on a nixos system. Instructions assume you're using a flakes nixos system, but you could install it in a regular nixos system aswell by importing the derivation and adding the appropiate src attribute on it, note that this may require some manual intervation though.

First of all, add cartero to your flake inputs so you can import the package.

{
  inputs = {
    cartero.url = "github:danirod/cartero";
  };
}
This examples assume you're passing `inputs` in the `specialArgs` so you can utilize it in others modules if you're splitting your config in multiple files.

Then in your home.packages (when using home manager) or environment.systemPackages (global nix packages), add the derivation.

environment.systemPackages = [
  inputs.cartero.packages.x86_64-linux.default
];

Tip: You can try changing the architecture, not tested in every arch atm though.

Another way is by making a nixpkgs overlay to add cartero and then install it easily.

nixpkgs.overlays = [
  (_: final: let
    inherit (inputs) cartero;
    inherit (final) system;
  in {
    cartero = cartero.packages.${system}.default
  })
];

And then in the packages list of your choice.

home.packages = with pkgs; [
  cartero
];

Note: You may need to reboot the system or relogin to be able to see cartero on your launcher

Scoop Command-Line Installer for Windows

To install Cartero using scoop, simply add the extras bucket.

scoop bucket add extras

Now you can install Cartero with:

scoop install extras/cartero

Compiling from sources

Currently, to build the application you'll have to make sure that the required libraries are installed on your system.

  • glib >= 2.72
  • gtk >= 4.14
  • gtksourceview >= 5.4
  • libadwaita >= 1.5
  • openssl >= 1.0

For a successful build, will also need the following packages installed in your system: meson, ninja, rust and gettext.

Then use the following commands to build and install the application

meson setup build
ninja -C build
ninja -C build install

To avoid installing system-wide the application, you can use a prefix:

meson setup build --prefix=$HOME/usr
ninja -C build
ninja -C build install

Compiling on Windows

The process is in early stages and it will surely be improved in the future. Things to evaluate: whether to do cross-compilation or compile from Windows. There are toolchains in rustup, but since there are a lot of system libraries in place, the question is whether the process will work.

At the moment, just use Windows.

Anyway. The process closely follows the instructions in the gtk-rs book. I'm using the MSYS2 and GNU toolchain, I haven't tried with MSVC, and, to be honest, I don't want to.

  1. Install Rust (suggestion: rustup)
  2. Install MSYS2 from https://www.msys2.org.
  3. You are encouraged to use MSYS UCRT64, since UCRT is preinstalled on Windows 10 and Windows 11, and thus will not require so many dependencies. Either way, you can also use MINGW64 and probably CLANG64 as well.
  4. Make sure that your Rust compiler is added to the MSYS PATH. For instance, export PATH=/c/Users/[username]/.cargo/bin:$PATH.

Then, you can either use build-aux/msys-build.sh in order to automatically build the application. This is the recommended step, and it's the one that will be faster for you, because it will already have all the dependencies packaged.

If you still want to do it manually you can do the following extra steps:

  1. The list of packages that you should install include:
    • ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-desktop-file-utils
    • ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gcc
    • ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gettext
    • ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gtk4
    • ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-gtksourceview5
    • ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libxml2
    • ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-librsvg
    • ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-meson
    • ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-pkgconf
    • ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-libadwaita
    • ${MINGW_PACKAGE_PREFIX}-blueprint-compiler
    • meson
  2. Once the repository is cloned, you should be able to compile from inside a MSYS2 shell using the same instructions that are present in README.md.
  3. If you plan on distributing the application, remember to pack all the DLLs. This is covered below.

Packing the DLLs

Note that the application that you just built with MSYS2 will work because you previously installed all the dependencies using MSYS2. Thus, as long as C:\msys64\mingw64\bin is in your PATH, Windows will be able to find the DLLs for stuff like GTK, GtkSourceView and similar.

However, if you plan on distributing the application, the target system may not have these DLLs installed. Instead of just asking your users to install MSYS, you should distribute the dynamic libraries that are required to run the application with the bindir.

I'm sure there is a better process, but for the time being, just use ldd inside MSYS2 to see which DLLs are required to run cartero.exe and filter those that are in /mingw64/bin, like so:

ldd install/bin/cartero.exe | grep '/mingw64/bin'

Then, to copy these dependencies, you can use this invocation:

for dep in $(ldd install/bin/cartero.exe |grep '/mingw64/bin' | awk '{ print $1 }'); do cp /mingw64/bin/$dep install/bin; done

If you run ldd again, you should verify that now all these libraries are taken from the install directory, since Windows if there are multiple DLLs with the same name, Windows gives priority to the one in the same directory as the .exe file.

Compiling on macOS

The process is not very clean at the moment.

  1. Homebrew should be installed.
  2. Install Rust (suggestion: rustup)
  3. The following packages should be installed via Homebrew. They have a lot of dependencies, so take your time. (Note: if the packages are built from source, you may need to install svn -- svn is not required when bottles are used).
    • meson
    • gtk4
    • gtksourceview5
    • desktop-file-utils
    • pygobject3
    • libadwaita
    • adwaita-icon-theme
    • shared-mime-info
  4. To automatically build an app, use the script build-aux/macos-build.sh. As long as you have all the dependencies installed, it will compile an application into build/cartero-darwin. Use build-aux/macos-build.sh devel to build a development version and build-aux/macos-build.sh stable to build a stable version.
  5. If you want to compile manually (for instance, if you are going to actually develop on a Mac), before compiling, you have to export the following environment variable: export GETTEXT_DIR=$(brew --prefix)/opt/gettext, so that it can actually pick your gettext library.
  6. To compile the application manually, refer to README.md. Specifically, both cargo build and build-aux/cargo-build.sh should run as long as you have all the dependencies.

Hacking Cartero

Some additional instructions for people interested in running cartero.

TL;DR

This project makes use of Meson, whether you like it or not. If you are used to GNOME app development, you might already like it. Otherwise, you'll have to accept it.

However, treating this source code workspace as a standard Rust project makes sense because then you can use autocompletion and other Rust tools. Therefore, to make things easier, there is an aux script that you can use to quickly rebuild the application data files (resource bundles, translations, icons, GLib schemas) and move them to the target/ directory:

build-aux/cargo-build.sh

You should check the contents of the script before running it. But it will precompile parts of the application using meson and the run cargo build. You can then call cargo r, cargo t or whatever you plan on doing with the code.

"But Meson sucks, stick with Cargo!"

I don't disagree with this statement, in fact. I feel like Meson is not as flexible as other build systems like CMake, specially when it comes to creating and running custom commands. This has the effect of making the integration between Rust and Meson very fragile.

Meson is an opinionated tool. However, Cargo is also a very opinionated tool. Meson will invoke Cargo when it is time to build the executable file by just issuing the cargo build external command, but the build script still has to copy a lot of files to Meson's build directory so that both tools can coexist without shilling at each other publicly on your terminal.

Why does Cartero use Meson?

  • Because there is actually more than Rust for this project and Meson knows how to compile the resource bundles, update the locales and generate the desktop files for Cartero.

  • Because it ticks a checkbox when it comes to aligning to the GNOME guidelines, which this project intends to follow, even though Cartero supports a wide variety of operating systems and desktop environments.

Due to these things, switching to build.rs will not fix things at all, it will just turn the tables upside down, making Rust code easier to build at the expense of making every non-Rust resource way more difficult to compile.

But I want to use cargo build

I know, and it makes a lot of sense, because chances are that you are using a text editor or IDE (this includes GNOME Builder) with some developer tools such as rust-analyzer, and this directory will probably want to use target to do its stuff and provide completions.

cargo build will just care about compiling the application provided that you have every system dependency installed (GTK, GtkSourceView...). It doesn't care about whether the resources or translations have been bundled.

Theferore, cargo build has to work anyway. You should be able to just run cargo build in a clean workspace and it has to compile the application. If it doesn't work, then that's a bug.

However, since you need the resource bundle and the translation files, cargo run will not work unless you place them in your target directory as well, as I tried to explain above.

Cartero will follow the standard UNIX directory standards. Therefore, it expects to be running inside some kind of bindir and by default it will assume that the datafiles are in ../share.

In normal circunstances, your bindir will be /usr/bin and therefore the datafiles will be in /usr/bin/../share => /usr/share.

However, because Cargo will build the application into a subdirectory inside of target, whether that's target/debug or target/release, this directory can act as a valid bindir. If the datafiles are placed into target/share, then Cartero has to run.

And that is exactly what build-aux/cargo-build.sh does. So if you want to use cargo build and cargo run, just use build-aux/cargo-build.sh, which calls cargo build for you, and additionally it runs the Meson targets required to craft a valid pkgdatadir. It will then proceed to deploy them into target/share, which will act as the datadir for the app when you run it with cargo build. The workflow will be:

build-aux/cargo-build.sh && cargo run

If you notice that your user interface files are not updating or your translations are not being picked up, you can just run rm -rf build/data or rm -rf target/share and try again. (If you have to do this a lot, this is probably a bug.)

Contributing

Thank you for your interest in helping Cartero grow! This document will provide information and tips on how to help the project.

Contributing with code

If you plan on contributing to the project, use the development profile. It will also configure a Git hook so that the source code is checked prior to authoring a Git commit. The hook runs cargo fmt to assert that the code is formatted. Read hooks/pre-commit.hook to inspect what the script does.

meson setup build -Dprofile=development

This project is highly appreciative of contributions. If you know about Rust, GTK or the GNOME technologies and want to help during the development, you can contribute if you wish. Fork the project and commit your code.

Some checklist rules before submitting a pull request:

  • Use a feature branch, do not make your changes in the trunk branch directly.

  • Rebase your code and make sure that you are working on top of the most recent version of the trunk branch, in case something has changed while you were working on your code.

  • Update the locales if you changed strings. The ninja target that you are looking for is called cartero-update-po (such as ninja -C build cartero-update-po). Don't worry, you don't have to translate the strings by yourself, but make sure that the new templates are added to the .po and .pot files.

  • Use the pre-commit hook. The pre-commit hook will validate that your code is formatted. It should be automatically configured if you run Meson in development mode (-Dprofile=development), but you can install it on your own or run hooks/pre-commit.hook.

The project is starting small, so if you want to do something big, it is best to first start a discussion thread with your proposal in order to see how to make it fit inside the application.

This project is published with the GNU General Public License 3.0 or later. Therefore, your contribution will be checked out into the repository under that license. Make sure you are comfortable with the license before contributing. Specifically, while you retain copyrights of your contribution, you acknowledge that you allow anyone to use, study or distribute any code you write under the terms of that license.

This application is not affiliated with the GNOME project, but we follow the GNOME Code of Conduct anyway as a guideline and we expect you to follow it when interacting with the repository.

Use of Generative AI

This project does not allow contributions generated by large languages models (LLMs) and chatbots. This ban includes tools like ChatGPT, Claude, Copilot, DeepSeek, and Devin AI. We are taking these steps as precaution due to the potential negative influence of AI generated content on quality, as well as likely copyright violations.

This ban of AI generated content applies to all parts of the projects, including, but not limited to, code, documentation, issues, and artworks. An exception applies for purely translating texts for issues and comments to English.

AI tools can be used to answer questions and find information. However, we encourage contributors to avoid them in favor of using existing documentation and our discussion page. Since AI generated information is frequently misleading or false, we cannot supply support on anything referencing AI output.

Contributing with translations

Do you want to use Cartero in your language? We are using Weblate to coordinate and translate comfortably this project using a web interface. Make an account and start proposing strings and they will be added to the application. That will also entitle you as a contributor!

Contributing with feedback

Cartero is still getting new features, and hopes to be as useful as it can be. Found a bug or something is wrong? Report it. An use case you are missing? Report it. Show us how you integrate Cartero on your workflow so that we can build our diverse list of use cases.

Release engineering

This document describes the release process for Cartero; i.e., what to commit when the version is about to get bumped, how to pre-compile the binary packages that are uploaded to the repository.

This process is deliberately not automated in order to assess the quality of the artifacts before uploading them. However, to prevent errors, the process is numbered and it is important to follow the script on every release.

Preparing for patch releases

Patch releases happen in a branch called release/x.y, where x.y is the major and minor version of Cartero. The patch version is the one that will get bumped (for example, 0.1.2 becomes 0.1.3 and 2.15.1 becomes 2.15.2).

  1. Switch to the release branch.
  2. Backport every commit and PR of interest into the release branch. To backport a single commit, run git cherry-pick [commit hash] . To backport a pull request, pick the merge commit and run git cherry-pick -m 1 [merge commit hash]. Assume that sometimes the backport will not be clean and the cherry pick will have conflicts. Release often to prevent this.
  3. Update the version number from the following files:
    • Cargo.toml: update the version number in the project metadata.
    • Cargo.lock: run cargo b to press the new version number after updating Cargo.toml.
    • build-aux/macos-build.sh: there should be two APP_VERSION variables in the file header.
    • build-aux/macos-installer.sh: there should be two strings declaring the .dmg name.
    • meson.build: there's a version number when declaring the project info.
  4. Update the NEWS.md file with the release notes for this version.
  5. Reformat the release notes for this version and add them to the releases section of data/cartero.appdata.xml.in.in.
  6. Create a release commit, but don't tag it, sign it or push it yet. (If there is an error, it will be easier to correct without force pushing anything or causing double notifications.)

Collecting artifact files

During the following sections, artifact files will be produced. An artifact file is the generated output that gets uploaded to GitHub Releases. It may be used by package managers such as AUR or Homebrew to deliver Cartero to final users. To collect the artifacts:

  1. Prepare an empty directory to collect the sources.

These are the artifacts that should be collected:

  • The distfile: cartero-$VER.tar.xz
  • AppImages for each architecture: Cartero-$VER-$ARCH.AppImage
  • The Windows installer: cartero-$VER-windows-$ARCH.exe
  • The Windows portable: cartero-$VER-windows-$ARCH.zip
  • The macOS versrions: Cartero-$VER-macOS-$ARCH.dmg

After every artifact is collected, the following should be done:

  • SHA-256 checksums of every artifact are collected with sha256sum * > SHA256SUMS.
  • Every file meant to be released is signed with the GPG key using for f in $(awk '{ print $2 }' < SHA256SUMS); do gpg --detach-sign --armor $f; done.

Create the distfile

This has to happen early after making the release commit. It generates a .tar.xz file with the source code of the version. It also vendors every Rust dependency. The distfile is uploaded to the GitHub release and every binary artifact is also created using this distfile.

This distfile is used to build the application in the Flathub Build Farm, since the farm is not connected to the internet, requiring all the dependencies to be vendored. It is also the safest way to build Cartero because it doesn't require an internet connection, and also guarantees that the dependencies will always be the same.

The distfile is also used by the AUR recipes, for the same reason.

  1. Delete build and target directories, if they exist.
  2. Run meson setup build followed by ninja -C build dist.
  3. Assert that the dist tests pass (for instance, the schema, desktop and appstream files are valid, because Flathub fails if the appstream ile is not valid)
  4. Check the output of the build/meson-dist directory.

Artifact: the distfile.

Linux AppImage

A virtual machine is encouraged to use a clean environment and prevent a polluted development environment. The suggested baseline is either Ubuntu 22.04, Ubuntu 24.04 or Debian 12.

To prevent issues with old dependency versions, Homebrew for Linux is currently used while a better solution appears. Install Linuxbrew (Homebrew for Linux) and install every dependency listed in MACOS.md: meson, gtk4, gtksourceview5... You should validate that brew --prefix works and that the lib/ directory is full of shared objects such as libgtk4 or libadwaita.

  1. Extract the distfile.
  2. export VENDOR_BASE=$(brew --prefix)
  3. export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$(brew --prefix)/lib
  4. build-aux/appimage-build.sh stable
  5. In a separate terminal try to run build/appimagedir/Cartero-$ARCH.AppImage.
  6. It is recommended to additionally test on different virtual machines. It should work out of the box in Debian stable without glibc issues.

Artifact: the AppImage launcher.

Windows

The build system in Windows must have MSYS2 and InnoSetup installed. MSYS2 must be installed with the UCRT64 feature. UCRT64 generates a Windows version with no additional DLL dependencies for the crt. Other MSYS versions will require extra dependencies such as libgcc to be packaged with the distribution.

To sign the releases, it is required to install SignTool. This tool is provided by the Windows SDK. Install "Windows SDK Signing Tools for Desktop Apps". You should add it to the PATH, in order to run signtool from PowerShell without having to set the full path in the command manually.

Also, don't use WSL. That would create another GNU/Linux version.

  1. Extract the distfile.
  2. Run build-aux/msys-build.sh stable in the distribution.
  3. Check that build/cartero-win32/bin/cartero.exe opens and works.
  4. Sign the executable:
    • Step 1: signtool sign /n "[Sign identifier]" /t http://time.certum.pl /fd sha1 /v build/cartero-win32/bin/cartero.exe
    • Step 2: signtool sign /n "[Sign identifier]" /tr http://time.certum.pl /fd sha256 /as /v build/cartero-win32/bin/cartero.exe
  5. Bundle the portable version. Switch to the build/cartero-win32 directory and prepare it with zip -r cartero-$VER-windows-$ARCH.zip bin lib share.
  6. Take the zip out of the build/cartero-win32 directory to prevent adding it to the installer.
  7. The build process should have created the file build/win32-installer.iss. Compile it with InnoSetup to generate an installer.
  8. The installer should be located at build/Output/cartero.exe. Test it.
  9. Sign the installer:
    • Step 1: signtool sign /n "[Sign identifier]" /t http://time.certum.pl /fd sha1 /v build/Output/cartero.exe
    • Step 2: signtool sign /n "[Sign identifier]" /tr http://time.certum.pl /fd sha256 /as /v build/Output/cartero.exe
  10. Collect the installer (build/Output/cartero.exe) as cartero-$VER-windows-$arch.exe.

Artifacts: the Windows portable ZIP and the Windows installer.

macOS

The macOS version will take some time due to the dependency preprocessing. Homebrew is used to provide the dependencies. However, in order to enable support for older systems such as macOS 11, the dependencies are manually recompiled so that the MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET can be set on every dependency.

Additionally, to avoid polluting the system or the build environment, a separate Homebrew environment should be used. The following script will generate a Homebrew environment.

#!/bin/bash

set -ex

case "$1" in
arm64)
    DIR=homebrew-arm64
    ;;
i386)
    DIR=homebrew-i386
    ;;
*)
    echo "Usage: $0 [arm64 / i386]"
    exit 1
    ;;
esac

export PATH=/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin

export MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=11.0

if ! [ -d $DIR ]; then
git clone git@github.com:Homebrew/brew $DIR
fi

if ! [ -d $DIR/Library/Taps/homebrew ]; then
mkdir -p $DIR/Library/Taps/homebrew
git clone git@github.com:Homebrew/homebrew-core $DIR/Library/Taps/homebrew/homebrew-core
fi

eval "$($DIR/bin/brew shellenv)"
brew update --force --quiet
export PATH=$PWD/$DIR/bin:$PATH

sed -i.bak 's/MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET//g' $(brew --prefix)/Library/Homebrew/build_environment.rb
sed -i.bak 's/MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET//g' $(brew --prefix)/Library/Homebrew/extend/ENV/shared.rb
rm $(brew --prefix)/Library/Homebrew/build_environment.rb.bak
rm $(brew --prefix)/Library/Homebrew/extend/ENV/shared.rb.bak

Invoke it using ./homebrew.sh arm64 to prepare it for Apple Sillicon, or arch -x86_64 ./homebrew.sh i386 to prepare it for Intel (64 bits).

To download the dependencies, the following script is used:

#!/bin/bash

set -ex

case "$1" in
arm64)
    DIR=homebrew-arm64
    ;;
i386)
    DIR=homebrew-i386
    ;;
*)
    echo "Usage: $0 [arm64 / i386]"
    exit 1
    ;;
esac

export PATH=/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin

export MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=11.0

eval "$($DIR/bin/brew shellenv)"
brew update --force --quiet
export PATH=$PWD/$DIR/bin:$PATH

sed -i.bak 's/MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET//g' $(brew --prefix)/Library/Homebrew/build_environment.rb
sed -i.bak 's/MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET//g' $(brew --prefix)/Library/Homebrew/extend/ENV/shared.rb
rm $(brew --prefix)/Library/Homebrew/build_environment.rb.bak
rm $(brew --prefix)/Library/Homebrew/extend/ENV/shared.rb.bak

brew install $(brew deps subversion) --build-from-source
brew install subversion --build-from-source
svn list --non-interactive https://svn.code.sf.net/p/netpbm/code/stable

for pkg in meson gtk4 desktop-file-utils pygobject3 adwaita-icon-theme shared-mime-info gtksourceview5 libadwaita; do
brew install $(brew deps $pkg) --build-from-source
brew install $pkg --build-from-source
done

Invoke it using ./deps.sh arm64 to prepare it for Apple Silicon, or arch -x86_64 ./deps.sh i386 to prepare it for Intel (64 bits).

Make sure you run it multiple times until you can confirm that it is not downloading any new dependencies. Sometimes the process fails but continues building anyway.

As a result of running both scripts on both architectures, a directory called homebrew-i386 should exist with dependencies prepared for the Intel version, and a directory called homebrew-arm64 should exist with dependencies prepared for the Apple Silicon version.

To build the application, the following steps should be done:

  1. Make sure the PATH is reset so that existing Homebrew or MacPorts installations are ignored. For example, export PATH=/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin.
  2. Load the expected Homebrew distribution: eval "$(homebrew-$(arch)/bin/brew shellenv)".
  3. Export a variable called CODESIGN_IDENTITY with the key ID you get when running find-identity -p codesigning -v.
  4. Export a variable called NOTARY_PROFILE with the notarization profile. If you don't have one, you can create it the following way:
    • Issue an application password on your developer account at https://account.apple.com/account/manage.
    • Check the profile for the developer account at https://developer.apple.com to get the team ID.
    • Run the following command xcrun notarytool store-credentials [Profile name] --apple-id [Apple ID] --team-id [Team ID] --password [App Password]. Then, the notary profile is the value you provided at [Profile name].
  5. Extract the distfile and switch to the directory.
  6. Run build-aux/macos-build.sh stable to build the macOS version of the app.
  7. Run build-aux/macos-build/sign.sh build/cartero-darwin/Cartero.app to sign the .app file.
  8. Run build-aux/macos-installer.sh stable to create the installer.
  9. Run for f in build-aux/*.dmg; do xcrun notarytool submit $f --keychain-profile "$NOTARY_PROFILE" --wait; done to notarize every DMG file.
  10. Run for f in build-aux/*.dmg; do xcrun stapler staple $f; done to staple the DMG with the notarization result, so that systems do not depend on an internet connection to first run the DMG or the application.

Artifacts: the macOS DMG for Apple Silicon and the macOS DMG for Intel 64.

Credits and acknowledges

Cartero is maintained by Dani Rodríguez.

Big shoutout to the contributors who have sent patches or translations! Also, Christian suggested Cartero as the name for the application and I liked it enough to call it like so, therefore shoutout to Christian as well!

GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE

Version 3, 29 June 2007

Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.

Preamble

The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for software and other kinds of works.

The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed to take away your freedom to share and change the works. By contrast, the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change all versions of a program--to make sure it remains free software for all its users. We, the Free Software Foundation, use the GNU General Public License for most of our software; it applies also to any other work released this way by its authors. You can apply it to your programs, too.

When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for them if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new free programs, and that you know you can do these things.

To protect your rights, we need to prevent others from denying you these rights or asking you to surrender the rights. Therefore, you have certain responsibilities if you distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it: responsibilities to respect the freedom of others.

For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether gratis or for a fee, you must pass on to the recipients the same freedoms that you received. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source code. And you must show them these terms so they know their rights.

Developers that use the GNU GPL protect your rights with two steps:

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For the developers' and authors' protection, the GPL clearly explains that there is no warranty for this free software. For both users' and authors' sake, the GPL requires that modified versions be marked as changed, so that their problems will not be attributed erroneously to authors of previous versions.

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TERMS AND CONDITIONS

0. Definitions.

This License refers to version 3 of the GNU General Public License.

Copyright also means copyright-like laws that apply to other kinds of works, such as semiconductor masks.

The Program refers to any copyrightable work licensed under this License. Each licensee is addressed as you. Licensees and recipients may be individuals or organizations.

To modify a work means to copy from or adapt all or part of the work in a fashion requiring copyright permission, other than the making of an exact copy. The resulting work is called a modified version of the earlier work or a work based on the earlier work.

A covered work means either the unmodified Program or a work based on the Program.

To propagate a work means to do anything with it that, without permission, would make you directly or secondarily liable for infringement under applicable copyright law, except executing it on a computer or modifying a private copy. Propagation includes copying, distribution (with or without modification), making available to the public, and in some countries other activities as well.

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An interactive user interface displays Appropriate Legal Notices to the extent that it includes a convenient and prominently visible feature that

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The Corresponding Source for a work in source code form is that same work.

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All rights granted under this License are granted for the term of copyright on the Program, and are irrevocable provided the stated conditions are met. This License explicitly affirms your unlimited permission to run the unmodified Program. The output from running a covered work is covered by this License only if the output, given its content, constitutes a covered work. This License acknowledges your rights of fair use or other equivalent, as provided by copyright law.

You may make, run and propagate covered works that you do not convey, without conditions so long as your license otherwise remains in force. You may convey covered works to others for the sole purpose of having them make modifications exclusively for you, or provide you with facilities for running those works, provided that you comply with the terms of this License in conveying all material for which you do not control copyright. Those thus making or running the covered works for you must do so exclusively on your behalf, under your direction and control, on terms that prohibit them from making any copies of your copyrighted material outside their relationship with you.

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4. Conveying Verbatim Copies.

You may convey verbatim copies of the Program's source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice; keep intact all notices stating that this License and any non-permissive terms added in accord with section 7 apply to the code; keep intact all notices of the absence of any warranty; and give all recipients a copy of this License along with the Program.

You may charge any price or no price for each copy that you convey, and you may offer support or warranty protection for a fee.

5. Conveying Modified Source Versions.

You may convey a work based on the Program, or the modifications to produce it from the Program, in the form of source code under the terms of section 4, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:

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A compilation of a covered work with other separate and independent works, which are not by their nature extensions of the covered work, and which are not combined with it such as to form a larger program, in or on a volume of a storage or distribution medium, is called an aggregate if the compilation and its resulting copyright are not used to limit the access or legal rights of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit. Inclusion of a covered work in an aggregate does not cause this License to apply to the other parts of the aggregate.

6. Conveying Non-Source Forms.

You may convey a covered work in object code form under the terms of sections 4 and 5, provided that you also convey the machine-readable Corresponding Source under the terms of this License, in one of these ways:

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    1. a copy of the Corresponding Source for all the software in the product that is covered by this License, on a durable physical medium customarily used for software interchange, for a price no more than your reasonable cost of physically performing this conveying of source, or
    2. access to copy the Corresponding Source from a network server at no charge.
  • c) Convey individual copies of the object code with a copy of the written offer to provide the Corresponding Source. This alternative is allowed only occasionally and noncommercially, and only if you received the object code with such an offer, in accord with subsection 6b.
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In determining whether a product is a consumer product, doubtful cases shall be resolved in favor of coverage. For a particular product received by a particular user, normally used refers to a typical or common use of that class of product, regardless of the status of the particular user or of the way in which the particular user actually uses, or expects or is expected to use, the product. A product is a consumer product regardless of whether the product has substantial commercial, industrial or non-consumer uses, unless such uses represent the only significant mode of use of the product.

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If you convey an object code work under this section in, or with, or specifically for use in, a User Product, and the conveying occurs as part of a transaction in which the right of possession and use of the User Product is transferred to the recipient in perpetuity or for a fixed term (regardless of how the transaction is characterized), the Corresponding Source conveyed under this section must be accompanied by the Installation Information. But this requirement does not apply if neither you nor any third party retains the ability to install modified object code on the User Product (for example, the work has been installed in ROM).

The requirement to provide Installation Information does not include a requirement to continue to provide support service, warranty, or updates for a work that has been modified or installed by the recipient, or for the User Product in which it has been modified or installed. Access to a network may be denied when the modification itself materially and adversely affects the operation of the network or violates the rules and protocols for communication across the network.

Corresponding Source conveyed, and Installation Information provided, in accord with this section must be in a format that is publicly documented (and with an implementation available to the public in source code form), and must require no special password or key for unpacking, reading or copying.

7. Additional Terms.

Additional permissions are terms that supplement the terms of this License by making exceptions from one or more of its conditions. Additional permissions that are applicable to the entire Program shall be treated as though they were included in this License, to the extent that they are valid under applicable law. If additional permissions apply only to part of the Program, that part may be used separately under those permissions, but the entire Program remains governed by this License without regard to the additional permissions.

When you convey a copy of a covered work, you may at your option remove any additional permissions from that copy, or from any part of it. (Additional permissions may be written to require their own removal in certain cases when you modify the work.) You may place additional permissions on material, added by you to a covered work, for which you have or can give appropriate copyright permission.

Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, for material you add to a covered work, you may (if authorized by the copyright holders of that material) supplement the terms of this License with terms:

  • a) Disclaiming warranty or limiting liability differently from the terms of sections 15 and 16 of this License; or
  • b) Requiring preservation of specified reasonable legal notices or author attributions in that material or in the Appropriate Legal Notices displayed by works containing it; or
  • c) Prohibiting misrepresentation of the origin of that material, or requiring that modified versions of such material be marked in reasonable ways as different from the original version; or
  • d) Limiting the use for publicity purposes of names of licensors or authors of the material; or
  • e) Declining to grant rights under trademark law for use of some trade names, trademarks, or service marks; or
  • f) Requiring indemnification of licensors and authors of that material by anyone who conveys the material (or modified versions of it) with contractual assumptions of liability to the recipient, for any liability that these contractual assumptions directly impose on those licensors and authors.

All other non-permissive additional terms are considered further restrictions within the meaning of section 10. If the Program as you received it, or any part of it, contains a notice stating that it is governed by this License along with a term that is a further restriction, you may remove that term. If a license document contains a further restriction but permits relicensing or conveying under this License, you may add to a covered work material governed by the terms of that license document, provided that the further restriction does not survive such relicensing or conveying.

If you add terms to a covered work in accord with this section, you must place, in the relevant source files, a statement of the additional terms that apply to those files, or a notice indicating where to find the applicable terms.

Additional terms, permissive or non-permissive, may be stated in the form of a separately written license, or stated as exceptions; the above requirements apply either way.

8. Termination.

You may not propagate or modify a covered work except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to propagate or modify it is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License (including any patent licenses granted under the third paragraph of section 11).

However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated

  • a) provisionally, unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and finally terminates your license, and
  • b) permanently, if the copyright holder fails to notify you of the violation by some reasonable means prior to 60 days after the cessation.

Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from that copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after your receipt of the notice.

Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under this License. If your rights have been terminated and not permanently reinstated, you do not qualify to receive new licenses for the same material under section 10.

9. Acceptance Not Required for Having Copies.

You are not required to accept this License in order to receive or run a copy of the Program. Ancillary propagation of a covered work occurring solely as a consequence of using peer-to-peer transmission to receive a copy likewise does not require acceptance. However, nothing other than this License grants you permission to propagate or modify any covered work. These actions infringe copyright if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by modifying or propagating a covered work, you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so.

10. Automatic Licensing of Downstream Recipients.

Each time you convey a covered work, the recipient automatically receives a license from the original licensors, to run, modify and propagate that work, subject to this License. You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties with this License.

An entity transaction is a transaction transferring control of an organization, or substantially all assets of one, or subdividing an organization, or merging organizations. If propagation of a covered work results from an entity transaction, each party to that transaction who receives a copy of the work also receives whatever licenses to the work the party's predecessor in interest had or could give under the previous paragraph, plus a right to possession of the Corresponding Source of the work from the predecessor in interest, if the predecessor has it or can get it with reasonable efforts.

You may not impose any further restrictions on the exercise of the rights granted or affirmed under this License. For example, you may not impose a license fee, royalty, or other charge for exercise of rights granted under this License, and you may not initiate litigation (including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that any patent claim is infringed by making, using, selling, offering for sale, or importing the Program or any portion of it.

11. Patents.

A contributor is a copyright holder who authorizes use under this License of the Program or a work on which the Program is based. The work thus licensed is called the contributor's contributor version.

A contributor's essential patent claims are all patent claims owned or controlled by the contributor, whether already acquired or hereafter acquired, that would be infringed by some manner, permitted by this License, of making, using, or selling its contributor version, but do not include claims that would be infringed only as a consequence of further modification of the contributor version. For purposes of this definition, control includes the right to grant patent sublicenses in a manner consistent with the requirements of this License.

Each contributor grants you a non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free patent license under the contributor's essential patent claims, to make, use, sell, offer for sale, import and otherwise run, modify and propagate the contents of its contributor version.

In the following three paragraphs, a patent license is any express agreement or commitment, however denominated, not to enforce a patent (such as an express permission to practice a patent or covenant not to sue for patent infringement). To grant such a patent license to a party means to make such an agreement or commitment not to enforce a patent against the party.

If you convey a covered work, knowingly relying on a patent license, and the Corresponding Source of the work is not available for anyone to copy, free of charge and under the terms of this License, through a publicly available network server or other readily accessible means, then you must either

  1. cause the Corresponding Source to be so available, or
  2. arrange to deprive yourself of the benefit of the patent license for this particular work, or
  3. arrange, in a manner consistent with the requirements of this License, to extend the patent license to downstream recipients.

Knowingly relying means you have actual knowledge that, but for the patent license, your conveying the covered work in a country, or your recipient's use of the covered work in a country, would infringe one or more identifiable patents in that country that you have reason to believe are valid.

If, pursuant to or in connection with a single transaction or arrangement, you convey, or propagate by procuring conveyance of, a covered work, and grant a patent license to some of the parties receiving the covered work authorizing them to use, propagate, modify or convey a specific copy of the covered work, then the patent license you grant is automatically extended to all recipients of the covered work and works based on it.

A patent license is discriminatory if it does not include within the scope of its coverage, prohibits the exercise of, or is conditioned on the non-exercise of one or more of the rights that are specifically granted under this License. You may not convey a covered work if you are a party to an arrangement with a third party that is in the business of distributing software, under which you make payment to the third party based on the extent of your activity of conveying the work, and under which the third party grants, to any of the parties who would receive the covered work from you, a discriminatory patent license

  • a) in connection with copies of the covered work conveyed by you (or copies made from those copies), or
  • b) primarily for and in connection with specific products or compilations that contain the covered work, unless you entered into that arrangement, or that patent license was granted, prior to 28 March 2007.

Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting any implied license or other defenses to infringement that may otherwise be available to you under applicable patent law.

12. No Surrender of Others' Freedom.

If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot convey a covered work so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may not convey it at all. For example, if you agree to terms that obligate you to collect a royalty for further conveying from those to whom you convey the Program, the only way you could satisfy both those terms and this License would be to refrain entirely from conveying the Program.

13. Use with the GNU Affero General Public License.

Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have permission to link or combine any covered work with a work licensed under version 3 of the GNU Affero General Public License into a single combined work, and to convey the resulting work. The terms of this License will continue to apply to the part which is the covered work, but the special requirements of the GNU Affero General Public License, section 13, concerning interaction through a network will apply to the combination as such.

14. Revised Versions of this License.

The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of the GNU General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.

Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU General Public License or any later version applies to it, you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that numbered version or of any later version published by the Free Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of the GNU General Public License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software Foundation.

If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future versions of the GNU General Public License can be used, that proxy's public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you to choose that version for the Program.

Later license versions may give you additional or different permissions. However, no additional obligations are imposed on any author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a later version.

15. Disclaimer of Warranty.

THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM AS IS WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.

16. Limitation of Liability.

IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.

17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16.

If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms, reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a copy of the Program in return for a fee.

END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS

How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs

If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.

To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the copyright line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.

<one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>

This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.

This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.

If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:

<program>  Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>
This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.

The hypothetical commands show w and show c should show the appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, your program's commands might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an about box.

You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school, if any, to sign a copyright disclaimer for the program, if necessary. For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see http://www.gnu.org/licenses/.

The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General Public License instead of this License. But first, please read http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html.